Approaches and methods in language teaching class 2

Theory of language learning

* Krashen (1981)

The theory of Krashen says that the acquisition of language can be natural , for example how to learn our first language and Learning is the artificial way to learn a language, for example by books , in a classroom etc...

Krashen give us a lot of contributions that its use in these days , the monitor model basically consists of self-correcting  of the students in his own learning and the teacher guide in the acquisition of language (Metacognition).

  Input (i+1) refers to a process of the language acquisition is needed to be a step above with respect to current knowledge of the student.

The affective filter establishes more confidence help in the learning process, when it a mental block is too difficult learn.

 *Terrel (1977) 

The theory of Terrel, Natural approach , Terrel says that the second language (L2) can be learnt of the same way of the first language (L1) in a natural way and that's depend on the conditions of learning

*Curran (1972)

The theory of counseling-learning , Curran mentioned that the process of learning a language it depends to the atmosphere and the conditions.

*Asher (1977)

The theory of Total Physical Response ( TPR ) , is based on the belief  that language learning is based on motor activity.

*Gattegno (1972,1976) 

 The theory of The silent way, it refers to a condition of the learner, in this case the student it has to feel secure of his knowledge. 

 

Design of a class 

In a design of a class we have to consider important item:

a) Objectives: What we want to achieve and every method specify the different objectives. Example* to develop oral skills.

b) Syllabus model

-----> Lexical ( Teach technical vocabulary)

----->Notional (Fuctional)

----->Skill- based (speaking)

----->Grammatical-lexical ( grammatical structures)

----->Flexible (What students want to lear)

c) Types of learning 

* Processor (Participate in the process)

*Preformer

*Initiator ( Student proposes topic or discussion)

*Problem solver

*Self monitor (self-correcting)

*Tutor ( The students who know more help to the student who needs help)

d) Role of learning   

*Processor

*Performer

*Initiator

*Problem solver

e) Role of teaching

*Guide ( The teacher is the guide for the student)

*Model (The teacher is a model for the student)

*Catalyst

*Consultant (explain the rules and vocabulary)

f) Role of instructional materials

*Definition of the intensity of coverage (depending on the method, the teacher will decide)

*The goal of materials

*The form of materials

*The abilities of teachers

*The relation to other sources of input.